Types of Juvenile Justice Boards
Overview
Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) are established under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, to handle cases involving juveniles in conflict with the law. They ensure child-friendly proceedings and rehabilitation-focused outcomes.
Juvenile Justice Boards
JJBs are quasi-judicial bodies at the district level, comprising a Judicial Magistrate and two social worker members.
- Purpose: Adjudicate cases of juveniles (below 18) accused of crimes, focusing on reformation rather than punishment.
- Examples: Cases involving theft, assault, or drug-related offenses by minors.
- Legal Basis: Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
Judicial Member (JJB)
Overview
Judicial Magistrates or retired judges presiding over JJB hearings, ensuring legal compliance and child-friendly justice.
Key Responsibilities
- Adjudicate juvenile cases.
- Conduct hearings per JJ Act.
- Issue orders for rehabilitation.
- Ensure child rights compliance.
- Coordinate with social workers.
Educational Pathway
- LLB (5-year integrated or 3-year post-bachelor’s).
- Optional: LLM.
- 5-10 years judicial/legal practice experience.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue 5-year LLB or 3-year LLB after bachelor’s.
- Clear law entrance exams.
- Gain 5-10 years experience, apply via government notifications.
Entrance Exam
- LLB: CLAT, AILET, LSAT India, state-level (MH-CET Law, AP LAWCET).
- Judicial: State Judicial Service exams.
- Appointment: Selection based on experience.
Top Institutions
Government:
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru
- National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR), Hyderabad
- National Law University (NLU), Delhi
- The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS), Kolkata
- National Law University (NLU), Jodhpur
Private:
- Symbiosis Law School, Pune
- Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat
- Amity Law School, Noida
- Christ University School of Law, Bengaluru
- ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad
Course Duration
- 5-year LLB or 6 years (3-year bachelor’s + 3-year LLB).
- LLM: 1-2 years (optional).
- Experience: 5-10 years.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹1-3 lakh (LLB).
- Private: ₹5-15 lakh (LLB).
Social Worker Member
Overview
Experts in social work or child welfare, appointed to JJBs to ensure rehabilitation-focused decisions.
Key Responsibilities
- Assess juvenile’s background.
- Recommend rehabilitation plans.
- Ensure child-friendly proceedings.
- Coordinate with judicial member.
- Monitor juvenile’s progress.
Educational Pathway
- BA/BSW in social work or psychology.
- Optional: MSW or MA in psychology.
- 5-7 years experience in child welfare.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue BA/BSW or related degree.
- Clear university entrance exams.
- Gain 5-7 years experience, apply via government notifications.
Entrance Exam
- Bachelor’s: University-specific exams.
- Appointment: Selection based on experience.
Top Institutions
Government:
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai
- University of Delhi, Delhi
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi
- Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh
Private:
- Christ University, Bengaluru
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Symbiosis School of Liberal Arts, Pune
- Manipal University, Jaipur
Course Duration
- Bachelor’s: 3 years.
- Master’s: 1-2 years (optional).
- Experience: 5-7 years.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹50,000-₹2 lakh (bachelor’s).
- Private: ₹2-5 lakh (bachelor’s).
Registrar (JJB)
Overview
Manages JJB’s administrative and judicial operations, appointed via government recruitment or deputation.
Key Responsibilities
- Manage case filings/scheduling.
- Ensure rule compliance.
- Supervise staff.
- Maintain records.
- Assist JJB members.
Educational Pathway
- LLB/BBA/BA (administration) + 5-10 years experience.
- Optional: LLM/MBA.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue 5-year LLB or 3-year BBA/BA.
- Clear entrance exams.
- Gain 5-10 years experience, apply via government recruitment.
Entrance Exam
- LLB: CLAT, AILET, LSAT India, state-level.
- BBA/BA: CAT, XAT, university exams.
- Registrar: Selection based on experience.
Top Institutions
Government:
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru
- Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
- Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi
- National Law University (NLU), Delhi
- Faculty of Law, University of Delhi
Private:
- Symbiosis Law School, Pune
- Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat
- Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Noida
- Christ University School of Law, Bengaluru
- Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar
Course Duration
- 5-year LLB or 6 years (3-year bachelor’s + 3-year LLB).
- BBA/BA: 3 years.
- LLM/MBA: 1-2 years (optional).
- Experience: 5-10 years.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹1-3 lakh (LLB), ₹50,000-₹2 lakh (BBA/BA).
- Private: ₹5-15 lakh (LLB), ₹3-10 lakh (BBA/MBA).
Court Managers
Overview
Streamlines JJB operations, appointed via government recruitment.
Key Responsibilities
- Schedule cases.
- Implement e-filing systems.
- Coordinate staff.
- Prepare performance reports.
- Assist JJB members.
Educational Pathway
- LLB/BBA/BA (administration) + 2-5 years experience.
- Optional: LLM/MBA.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue 5-year LLB or 3-year BBA/BA.
- Clear entrance exams.
- Apply via government/JJB recruitment.
Entrance Exam
- LLB: CLAT, AILET, LSAT India, state-level.
- BBA/BA: CAT, XAT, state-level.
- Court Manager: Government/JJB exams.
Top Institutions
Government:
- Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru
- Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi
- National Law University (NLU), Delhi
- Faculty of Law, University of Delhi
Private:
- Symbiosis Law School, Pune
- Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat
- Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Noida
- Christ University School of Law, Bengaluru
- Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar
Course Duration
- 5-year LLB or 6 years (3-year bachelor’s + 3-year LLB).
- BBA/BA: 3 years.
- LLM/MBA: 1-2 years (optional).
- Experience: 2-5 years.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹1-3 lakh (LLB), ₹50,000-₹2 lakh (BBA/BA).
- Private: ₹5-15 lakh (LLB), ₹3-10 lakh (BBA/MBA).
Court Clerks
Overview
Handles clerical tasks like record-keeping and filing in JJBs.
Key Responsibilities
- Maintain case records.
- Perform data entry.
- Handle filing.
- Manage correspondence.
- Support operations.
Educational Pathway
- 12th or BA/B.Com + optional diploma in office management.
- No prior experience required.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue bachelor’s (optional).
- Apply via SSC/JJB exams.
Entrance Exam
- SSC CGL/CHSL, JJB-specific exams (typing tests).
Top Institutions
Government:
- University of Delhi, Delhi
- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
- Government Polytechnic Colleges
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi
- University of Mumbai, Mumbai
Private:
- St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai
- Christ University, Bengaluru
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Manipal University, Jaipur
Course Duration
- Bachelor’s: 3 years.
- Diploma: 1 year (optional).
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹10,000-₹50,000 (bachelor’s), ₹5,000-₹20,000 (diploma).
- Private: ₹50,000-₹3 lakh (bachelor’s), ₹20,000-₹50,000 (diploma).
Stenographers
Overview
Records and transcribes JJB proceedings.
Key Responsibilities
- Transcribe proceedings.
- Record hearings.
- Assist with documentation.
- Maintain records.
- Support clerks.
Educational Pathway
- 12th or BA/B.Com + diploma in stenography.
- No prior experience required.
Admission Process
- Complete 12th (any stream, 50% marks).
- Pursue bachelor’s (optional).
- Enroll in stenography course.
- Apply via SSC/JJB exams.
Entrance Exam
- SSC Stenographer C&D, JJB-specific exams (shorthand/typing tests).
Top Institutions
Government:
- University of Delhi, Delhi
- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
- Government Polytechnic Colleges
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi
- University of Mumbai, Mumbai
Private:
- St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai
- Christ University, Bengaluru
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Manipal University, Jaipur
Course Duration
- Bachelor’s: 3 years.
- Stenography diploma: 6 months-1 year.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹10,000-₹50,000 (bachelor’s), ₹5,000-₹20,000 (diploma).
- Private: ₹50,000-₹3 lakh (bachelor’s), ₹20,000-₹50,000 (diploma).
Bailiffs
Overview
Executes JJB orders (e.g., summons, notices).
Key Responsibilities
- Serve summons/notices.
- Execute JJB orders.
- Maintain order.
- Assist JJB members.
- Report execution status.
Educational Pathway
- 10th/12th + optional diploma in court administration.
- No prior experience required.
Admission Process
- Complete 10th/12th.
- Pursue diploma (optional).
- Apply via SSC/JJB exams.
Entrance Exam
- SSC MTS, JJB-specific exams.
Top Institutions
Government:
- Government Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)
- National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
- Government colleges offering BA/B.Com
- State government polytechnics
Private:
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Manipal University, Jaipur
- Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning
- Christ University, Bengaluru
Course Duration
- Diploma: 6 months-1 year.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹5,000-₹20,000 (diploma).
- Private: ₹20,000-₹50,000 (diploma).
Process Servers
Overview
Delivers JJB documents (e.g., summons, notices).
Key Responsibilities
- Deliver documents.
- Ensure timely service.
- Report delivery status.
- Assist bailiffs.
- Comply with procedures.
Educational Pathway
- 10th/12th + optional diploma in court administration.
- No prior experience required.
Admission Process
- Complete 10th/12th.
- Pursue diploma (optional).
- Apply via SSC/JJB exams.
Entrance Exam
- SSC MTS, JJB-specific exams.
Top Institutions
Government:
- Government Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)
- National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
- Government colleges offering BA/B.Com
- State government polytechnics
Private:
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Manipal University, Jaipur
- Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning
- Christ University, Bengaluru
Course Duration
- Diploma: 6 months-1 year.
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹5,000-₹20,000 (diploma).
- Private: ₹20,000-₹50,000 (diploma).
Peons and Support Staff
Overview
Performs basic operational tasks (e.g., cleaning, logistics) in JJBs.
Key Responsibilities
- Maintain JJB premises.
- Assist with logistics.
- Support staff.
- Manage supplies.
- Ensure hearing room readiness.
Educational Pathway
- 8th/10th + optional vocational training.
- No prior experience required.
Admission Process
- Complete 8th/10th.
- Pursue vocational training (optional).
- Apply via SSC/JJB exams.
Entrance Exam
- SSC MTS, JJB-specific exams.
Top Institutions
Government:
- Government Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)
- National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
- State government polytechnics
- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
- Government schools
Private:
- Amity University, Noida
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab
- Manipal University, Jaipur
- Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning
- Christ University, Bengaluru
Course Duration
- Vocational training: 3-6 months (optional).
Fee Structure
- Government: ₹2,000-₹10,000 (training).
- Private: ₹10,000-₹30,000 (training).